经济周期理论解释了资本主义经济的产出增长为什么会出现反复无常的现象。影响经济周期的有三种因素。把注意力放在这三种因素之上,这样的做法可能是有益的。第一种因素是经济冲击的作用,这一作用会使总需求和总供给发生变化。经济冲击包括诸如70年代石油价格的急剧上升,1991和1992年英国政府利用高利率来保持英镑汇率不受汇率机制作用的影响,以及意料之外的货币供给急剧增加。 The theory of the economic cycle explains the capricious phenomenon of the output growth of the capitalist economy. There are three factors that affect the business cycle. It may be helpful to focus on these three factors. The first factor is the role of economic shocks that will change aggregate demand and aggregate supply. Economic shocks include such dramatic increases as oil prices in the 1970s. In 1991 and 1992, the British government used high interest rates to keep the sterling exchange rate unaffected by the exchange rate mechanism, as well as the unexpected increase in the money supply.