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[目的]探讨超声引导下椎旁神经阻滞麻醉(PVB)在经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)术中的应用效果及对患者炎症应激反应的影响.[方法]拟实施PCNL手术的 120 例肾结石患者,随机分为 PVB组(超声引导下 PVB)、全麻组(全身麻醉),各 60 例.比较两组患者麻醉前(T0 )、麻醉后 10 min(T1 )、建立碎石通道后(T2 )、碎石术中(T3 )、术毕(T4 )患者的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP);患者术前、术后 24 h 的血清白细胞介素-6 (IL-6 )、IL-1 0、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、皮质醇变化;比较两组患者术后 24 h 舒芬太尼用量、自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)泵按压次数.[结果]T0 时两组的各项指标比较差异无显著性(P >0.05 );T1 、T2 时 PVB 组的 HR 值低于全麻组,MAP值高于全麻组(P <0.05);术后 24 h,PVB 组的血清 IL-6、TNF-α、皮质醇低于全麻组,IL-10 高于全麻组(P <0.05);在术后 24 h,PVB组的舒芬太尼用量、PCIA泵按压次数低于全麻组(P 0.05);HR value in PVB group was lower than that in the general anesthesia group at T1 and T2 ,and MAP value was higher than that in the general an-esthesia group (P <0.05);serum IL-6,TNF-αand cortisol in the PVB group were lower than those in the general anes-thesia group at 24h after operation,and IL-10 was higher than that in the general anesthesia group (P <0.05);sufen-tanil dosage and PCIA pump compression times in PVB group were lower than those in general anesthesia group at 24h after operation (P <0.05)[Conclusion]Ultrasound-guided application of PVB in PCNL is conducive to maintaining he-modynamic stability,alleviating inflammatory stress induced by surgery,reducing sufentanil dosage and PCIA pressing times.