婴儿脑型脚气病是临床常见的营养缺乏性疾病之一。自1978—1987年10年来,我们共发现32例,误诊23例(74.4％)。其中误诊为病毒性脑炎9例,中毒性脑病7例,佝偻病4例,瑞氏综合征3例。为了提高对本病的认识,从中吸取教训,现总结分析如下。典型病例例1:女婴,8个月。因烦哭月余,抽搐1天,于1978年12年20日入院。患儿近一月来经常夜间啼哭,烦躁不安,难以入睡,食欲减退。入院前1天哭闹加重、拒乳,头后仰,双目斜视,阵发性强直抽搐,无发热。体检:营养欠佳,面部轻度浮肿,前囟平软,颈无抵抗。心肺正常。腹软,肝剑突下3cm,肋下3cm。腱反射减弱,未发现病理反射。血常规、血生化结果正常。诊断:病毒性脑炎?给予激素、脱水剂、抗感染等处理,2小时后 Infant brain beriberi is one of the most common nutritional deficiencies in the world. In the 10 years from 1978 to 1987, we found a total of 32 cases, misdiagnosed 23 cases (74.4%). Among them, 9 were misdiagnosed as viral encephalitis, 7 were toxic encephalopathy, 4 were rickets, and 3 were Reye’s syndrome. In order to raise awareness of the disease, lessons learned, are summarized as follows. Typical Case Example 1: Baby Girl, 8 Months. Due to bothering more than a month, convulsions 1 day, in 1978, 20 admitted on the 20th. Children often cry at night in the past month, irritability, it is difficult to sleep, loss of appetite. 1 day before admission crying worse, refuse milk, head back, binocular strabismus, paroxysmal tonic convulsions, no fever. Physical examination: poor nutrition, mild facial edema, soft bregma, neck without resistance. Cardiopulmonary normal. Abdominal soft, liver xiphoid 3cm, rib 3cm. Tendon reflex decreased, no pathological reflex found. Blood, blood biochemical results were normal. Diagnosis: viral encephalitis? Give hormones, dehydration agents, anti-infection treatment, 2 hours later