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引言在许多方面即在医学和工业中使用穿透性辐射造福于人类已近一个世纪。工业射线照相始于1895年12月,德国科学家伦琴在真空管的高电压实验中发现了X射线,所产生的X射线可以使荧光物质产生荧光。他把X射线照射一片金属,从而揭示了金属内部的变化。他用X射线照射他夫人的手,显示了指关节。1896年元旦,他将报告以及X射线底片邮寄给欧洲主要的科学家,自此以后全世界数以万计的人们采用了射线照相法。由离子辐射特性所产生的射线照相法是一个重要
INTRODUCTION In many ways, the use of penetrating radiation in medicine and industry has benefited humankind for nearly a century. Industrial radiography began in December 1895. German scientist Roentgen discovered X-rays in a high-voltage experiment on a vacuum tube, producing X-rays that fluoresce the fluorophores. He illuminated a piece of metal with X-rays, revealing changes in the interior of the metal. He illuminated his lady’s hand with X-rays and showed the knuckles. On New Year’s Day, 1896, he sent reports and X-ray films to major European scientists, and since then tens of thousands of people around the world have used radiography. Radiographic methods generated by ionizing radiation are important