一、国有冶金企业亏损的成因 １．历史原因。企业盛行时期将所有利润上缴国家，提供了大量的社会积累，而企业本身并没有得到相应的补偿，许多矛盾随着市场经济的转轨而逐步暴露出来。 ２．管理制度不活。如用人制度、分配制度、激励机制、营销手段以及经营成本都存在很大问题 First, the causes of the loss of state-owned metallurgical enterprises 1. Historical reasons. During the prevalent period of enterprises, all profits were turned over to the state, which provided a great deal of social accumulation. However, the enterprises themselves did not receive corresponding compensation. Many contradictions gradually exposed as the market economy changed over. 2. Management system is not alive. Such as the employment system, the distribution system, incentives, marketing tools and operating costs have great problems