以洛阳周山大跨度黄土隧道浅埋段为工程背景,建立三维数值模型对施工过程地层变形及支护受力进行分析,结果表明:地层中的水平位移与其沉降位移相比量值较小。地层中位移大部分发生在支护封闭之前阶段,拱顶和地表沉降在支护封闭之前的位移分别占其总位移的81.5%和70.5%。支护结构最大拉应力在拱顶,且在支护闭合以后迅速增长并很快趋于稳定。在隧道施工过程中进行了地中竖直及水平位移监测,基本规律与计算结果较为一致。 Based on the shallow buried section of the long-span loess tunnel in Zhou Shan, Luoyang, the three-dimensional numerical model was established to analyze the formation deformation and the supporting forces. The results show that the horizontal displacement in the formation is smaller than that of the subsidence. Most of the displacements in the strata occured in the pre-confinement stage. The displacements of the vault and surface subsidence before the confinement closed accounted for 81.5% and 70.5% of their total displacements, respectively. The maximum tensile stress of the support structure is at the vault and rapidly increases after the closure of the support and tends to stabilize quickly. In the process of tunnel construction, vertical and horizontal ground displacement monitoring was conducted. The basic rules are in good agreement with the calculated results.