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中国古代史的主线与体系可以从许多方面去探讨。本文以“民”的演变为主线,指出“民”在中国古代经历了从先秦依存于部族到汉唐出现“豪民”,唐宋以来崛起“富民”,近代以来逐渐形成“市民”的历史进程。相应地,中国古代社会经历了从“部族社会”到“豪民社会”,再到“富民社会”,并走向“市民社会”的演进过程。“富民社会”是解构中国古代社会的重要理论基石。
The main line and system of ancient Chinese history can be explored in many ways. This article takes the evolution of “people” as the main line, and points out that “people” in ancient China experienced a history of “boosting people” from the preexistence of dependency on tribes until the emergence of the Han and Tang dynasties, “enriching the people” since the Tang and Song dynasties, and gradually forming “citizens” since the modern times process. Correspondingly, the ancient Chinese society experienced the evolution from “tribal society” to “heroic society” to “enriching the people” and to “civil society.” “Enriching the people” is an important theoretical foundation for deconstruction of ancient Chinese society.