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海洋学是研究海洋中各种自然现象的一门综合性的科学。由于它所研究的领域既异常广大,研究的对象又十分复杂,为了研究上的便利,海洋学一般又分为四门学科。即:海洋地质学——研究海底与海岸的地质及地貌;海洋物理学——研究海水的运动及其物理性质;海洋化学——研究海水的组成及其化学性质;海洋生物学——研究海洋中的生物世界。此外,调查研究海洋中各种自然现象的分布特性这一工作,到目前为止,仍是海洋研究工作中最基本的环节之一,由于其性质和自然地理相近,因此称为海洋地理学。
Oceanography is a comprehensive science that studies the various natural phenomena in the oceans. Due to its unusually large area of research, the object of study is very complicated. For the sake of research, oceanography is generally divided into four disciplines. Namely: Marine Geology - Studying the geology and physiognomy of the seabed and the coast; Marine physics - Studying the movement of the sea water and its physical properties; Marine chemistry - Studying the composition and chemistry of sea water; Marine biology - Studying the oceans In the biological world. In addition, the investigation of the distribution characteristics of various natural phenomena in the oceans has so far remained one of the most fundamental aspects of marine research. Due to its similar nature and physical geography, it is called marine geography.