论文部分内容阅读
It’s thought there are as many as 111 different types of lie. We all do it and if we didn’t, we wouldn’t be human. When we do lie, how can we avoid being caught and how good are we at spotting lies?
Although people say you shouldn’t judge a book by its cover, it seems that we are more than happy to judge a person by their face.
The practice of 1)physiognomy, determining someone’s character from their facial features, goes back hundreds of years.
(The researcher conducts a street survey.)
Researcher: Two faces, which is the more 2)trustworthy? Quick choice.
Respondent A: Him.
Researcher: Him, why?
Respondent A: Erm…I don’t know. He’s not so rough-looking.
Respondent B: That one.
Researcher: Why him?
Respondent B: Erm, bigger eyes.
Researcher: Bigger eyes. What’s about this face?
Respondent C: Mmm, softer.
Researcher: So softer face.
Respondent C: Round…more rounded.
Researcher: Rounder, more soft, more trustworthy.
Respondent C: Yeah.
Respondent D: He’s got a fuller mouth. He’s got rather a thin mouth.
Respondent C: He looks like a criminal.
Researcher: Why…why?!
Respondent C: I don’t know. It’s just the, the, the 3)chiseled jaw. I can’t explain it.
Researcher: So there is something about soft rounded features means more believable, more trustworthy?
Respondent D: Yeah.
Even though there’s no scientific evidence to back it up, the majority of people we stopped 4)instinctively associated more 5)aquiline features with dishonesty, something known as the 6)baby face effect. So whether it’s instinct or just that we trust people like ourselves, it seems that when it comes to judging honesty, we’re anything but objective.
Artist Beth Shannon has a gift which sets her apart from literally 99.9% of the human race. Just by looking at someone’s face, she’s able to tell almost instantly whether they’re lying or not. So rare is Beth’s talent that people like her have even been given a special name. Lie Wizards.
Although Beth’s talent comes naturally, it’s based on scientific fact.
It’s been calculated that the human face is capable of 46 separate movements, which when combined, reflect the entire range of human emotion. What to your eye is the licking of the lips is in fact movement No. 37, a raised 7)eyelid, often a sign of surprise, is No. 5, and a simple lip bite, No. 32. Most of the time, we are in control of these movements, but every now and then and particularly when we’re under stress, they leak out. It’s these 8)involuntary micro expressions lasting less than a quarter of a second, that Beth Shannon looks for when searching for evidence of 9)deceit.
Researcher: Beth, now, what I’d like to show you is a video clip that you may be quite familiar with. And what I’d like you to do, if you can please, just point out to me the examples of micro expressions that you can see in this clip.
Bill Clinton (Former American President): (in video) But I want to say one thing to the American people. I want you to listen to me. I’m gonna say this again. I did not have sexual relations with that woman, Miss Lewinsky. I never told anybody to lie, not a single time. Never. These 10)allegations are false.
Researcher: OK, first reactions?
Beth: Umm…I saw several micro expressions that I thought gave him away during his denial.
OK, stop right there. He’s got kind of a badboy look on his face right there.
Researcher: He’s sort of chewing his lip.
Beth: He looks rather amused to me, like he’s getting ready to put one over. He doesn’t look nearly as serious as he should be, considering the 11)gravity of the situation.(Video: I want to say one thing…)
Beth: OK, stop. OK, look at, he’s got a 12)smirk on his face, he’s got a smirk. And again that is not an appropriate facial expression, considering that he’s about to tell something very serious to the, to the public. He’s addressing the public right now.
Researcher: So you think that he is, in a sense, unable to control that aspect of his behavior. It sort of leaks out.
Beth: Yes, he’s got the 13)fa?ade that he’s trying to put over on the people. But he’s having this whole other parallel thought process going on ’cause he...he’s lying. He’s not telling the truth.
Researcher: Those little micro expressions gave the game away.
Beth: Yeah, 14)tell-tale, tell-tale expressions.
Researcher: Sorry Bill.
Beth: Guilty as charged.
Researcher: Guilty as charged.
据称在日常生活中,我们使用的谎言类型多达111种。我们都会说谎,这是人类的一种本能。我们说谎时,怎样才能不被识破呢?而我们在识辨他人的谎言方面表现又如何呢?
虽然俗话说,我们不应该单凭封面来评判一本书的好坏,但我们似乎都很喜欢以貌取人。
从一个人的面部特征来推测其性格的观相学已经有好几百年的历史了。
(研究员进行街头调查。)
研究员:这儿有两副面孔,你觉得哪个更值得信赖?做一个快速选择。
回答者甲:这个人。
研究员:他,为什么?
回答者甲:呃,不知道。他看起来没那么粗犷。
回答者乙:这个。
研究员:为什么?
回答者乙:呃,眼睛更大。
研究员:大眼睛。这张脸呢?
回答者丙:嗯,柔和些。 研究员:面部线条更柔和。
回答者丙:圆……脸更圆。
研究员:脸更圆、更柔和,就更值得信赖。
回答者丙:是的。
回答者丁:他的嘴唇更饱满,而另外一个人的嘴唇很薄。
回答者丙:他看起来像个罪犯。
研究员:为什么……为什么?!
回答者丙:我不知道。应该是……他的脸轮廓分明。我也说不清。
研究员:因此,有张看起来让人觉得柔和的圆脸,他就更值得信赖?
回答者丁:是啊。
尽管没有科学证据的支持,大多数被访者都会不自觉地把面部轮廓更突出的人与不诚实联系起来。这就是娃娃脸效应。因此,不管是出于我们的直觉,还是说我们会更倾向于信任与自己相似的人,事实是在判断他人是否诚实的问题上,我们非常主观。
艺术家贝思·香农有一种千里挑一的天赋,这使她变得与众不同。那就是只要看着别人的脸,她几乎就能立即判断出他们是不是在说谎。因为贝思这类人少之又少,他们也因此有了一个特殊的称号:识谎奇才。
虽然贝思这方面的才能是天生的,但也是有科学依据的。
据估计,人的脸部可以做46种不同的动作,这些动作组合起来就能够反映人类全部的情感。常人眼里舔嘴唇这个平常的举动,实际上是第37号动作;由于惊讶而眼睑上扬是第5号;咬嘴唇则是第32号。大多数时候,我们都能控制这些脸部活动,但有些时候,特别是当我们处于压力之下,它们就会不由自主地泄露心事。
这些不自觉的微表情持续时间不超过四分之一秒,而贝思在寻找他人欺骗的证据时,关注的正是这些表情。
研究员:贝思,现在我要给你看一个视频片段,你可能对它很熟悉了。我希望你能给我指出你在这个视频片段中所看到的微表情。
比尔·克林顿(美国前总统):(视频)但我想对美国人民说明一件事情,我希望你们仔细听。我再说一遍:我没有和那个女人发生性关系,也就是莱温斯基小姐。我从没让任何人撒谎。从来没有。那些指控都是不成立的。
研究员:好了,你的第一反应是什么?
贝思:嗯,我看见好几个微表情。我认为,正是这些表情在他否认性丑闻的时候出卖了他。
噢,就那儿,停。他的脸上有一种坏坏的表情。
研究员:他似乎在咬嘴唇。
贝思:在我看来,他心情似乎不错,好像他正准备要糊弄别人一样,他没有表现出在那种情况下应有的严肃。(视频:我想说一件事……)
贝思:好,停。看,他脸上闪过了一丝假笑,是假笑。与先前一样,这不是恰当的表情,因为他正要告诉公众一件严肃的事,这可是一次面向美国国民的讲话啊。
研究员:所以你认为,从某种程度上来说,他无法控制这些行为,可以说这些细节泄露了天机。
贝思:对,你可从他的面部看出他正试图欺骗公众。与此同时,他脑子里想的是另外一回事,因为他在说谎,他没有说实话。
研究员:正是那些微表情暴露了他的内心。
贝思:没错。那是些暴露内心活动、泄露真实想法的表情。
研究员:不好意思了,比尔。
贝思:罪名成立。
研究员:罪名成立。
Although people say you shouldn’t judge a book by its cover, it seems that we are more than happy to judge a person by their face.
The practice of 1)physiognomy, determining someone’s character from their facial features, goes back hundreds of years.
(The researcher conducts a street survey.)
Researcher: Two faces, which is the more 2)trustworthy? Quick choice.
Respondent A: Him.
Researcher: Him, why?
Respondent A: Erm…I don’t know. He’s not so rough-looking.
Respondent B: That one.
Researcher: Why him?
Respondent B: Erm, bigger eyes.
Researcher: Bigger eyes. What’s about this face?
Respondent C: Mmm, softer.
Researcher: So softer face.
Respondent C: Round…more rounded.
Researcher: Rounder, more soft, more trustworthy.
Respondent C: Yeah.
Respondent D: He’s got a fuller mouth. He’s got rather a thin mouth.
Respondent C: He looks like a criminal.
Researcher: Why…why?!
Respondent C: I don’t know. It’s just the, the, the 3)chiseled jaw. I can’t explain it.
Researcher: So there is something about soft rounded features means more believable, more trustworthy?
Respondent D: Yeah.
Even though there’s no scientific evidence to back it up, the majority of people we stopped 4)instinctively associated more 5)aquiline features with dishonesty, something known as the 6)baby face effect. So whether it’s instinct or just that we trust people like ourselves, it seems that when it comes to judging honesty, we’re anything but objective.
Artist Beth Shannon has a gift which sets her apart from literally 99.9% of the human race. Just by looking at someone’s face, she’s able to tell almost instantly whether they’re lying or not. So rare is Beth’s talent that people like her have even been given a special name. Lie Wizards.
Although Beth’s talent comes naturally, it’s based on scientific fact.
It’s been calculated that the human face is capable of 46 separate movements, which when combined, reflect the entire range of human emotion. What to your eye is the licking of the lips is in fact movement No. 37, a raised 7)eyelid, often a sign of surprise, is No. 5, and a simple lip bite, No. 32. Most of the time, we are in control of these movements, but every now and then and particularly when we’re under stress, they leak out. It’s these 8)involuntary micro expressions lasting less than a quarter of a second, that Beth Shannon looks for when searching for evidence of 9)deceit.
Researcher: Beth, now, what I’d like to show you is a video clip that you may be quite familiar with. And what I’d like you to do, if you can please, just point out to me the examples of micro expressions that you can see in this clip.
Bill Clinton (Former American President): (in video) But I want to say one thing to the American people. I want you to listen to me. I’m gonna say this again. I did not have sexual relations with that woman, Miss Lewinsky. I never told anybody to lie, not a single time. Never. These 10)allegations are false.
Researcher: OK, first reactions?
Beth: Umm…I saw several micro expressions that I thought gave him away during his denial.
OK, stop right there. He’s got kind of a badboy look on his face right there.
Researcher: He’s sort of chewing his lip.
Beth: He looks rather amused to me, like he’s getting ready to put one over. He doesn’t look nearly as serious as he should be, considering the 11)gravity of the situation.(Video: I want to say one thing…)
Beth: OK, stop. OK, look at, he’s got a 12)smirk on his face, he’s got a smirk. And again that is not an appropriate facial expression, considering that he’s about to tell something very serious to the, to the public. He’s addressing the public right now.
Researcher: So you think that he is, in a sense, unable to control that aspect of his behavior. It sort of leaks out.
Beth: Yes, he’s got the 13)fa?ade that he’s trying to put over on the people. But he’s having this whole other parallel thought process going on ’cause he...he’s lying. He’s not telling the truth.
Researcher: Those little micro expressions gave the game away.
Beth: Yeah, 14)tell-tale, tell-tale expressions.
Researcher: Sorry Bill.
Beth: Guilty as charged.
Researcher: Guilty as charged.
据称在日常生活中,我们使用的谎言类型多达111种。我们都会说谎,这是人类的一种本能。我们说谎时,怎样才能不被识破呢?而我们在识辨他人的谎言方面表现又如何呢?
虽然俗话说,我们不应该单凭封面来评判一本书的好坏,但我们似乎都很喜欢以貌取人。
从一个人的面部特征来推测其性格的观相学已经有好几百年的历史了。
(研究员进行街头调查。)
研究员:这儿有两副面孔,你觉得哪个更值得信赖?做一个快速选择。
回答者甲:这个人。
研究员:他,为什么?
回答者甲:呃,不知道。他看起来没那么粗犷。
回答者乙:这个。
研究员:为什么?
回答者乙:呃,眼睛更大。
研究员:大眼睛。这张脸呢?
回答者丙:嗯,柔和些。 研究员:面部线条更柔和。
回答者丙:圆……脸更圆。
研究员:脸更圆、更柔和,就更值得信赖。
回答者丙:是的。
回答者丁:他的嘴唇更饱满,而另外一个人的嘴唇很薄。
回答者丙:他看起来像个罪犯。
研究员:为什么……为什么?!
回答者丙:我不知道。应该是……他的脸轮廓分明。我也说不清。
研究员:因此,有张看起来让人觉得柔和的圆脸,他就更值得信赖?
回答者丁:是啊。
尽管没有科学证据的支持,大多数被访者都会不自觉地把面部轮廓更突出的人与不诚实联系起来。这就是娃娃脸效应。因此,不管是出于我们的直觉,还是说我们会更倾向于信任与自己相似的人,事实是在判断他人是否诚实的问题上,我们非常主观。
艺术家贝思·香农有一种千里挑一的天赋,这使她变得与众不同。那就是只要看着别人的脸,她几乎就能立即判断出他们是不是在说谎。因为贝思这类人少之又少,他们也因此有了一个特殊的称号:识谎奇才。
虽然贝思这方面的才能是天生的,但也是有科学依据的。
据估计,人的脸部可以做46种不同的动作,这些动作组合起来就能够反映人类全部的情感。常人眼里舔嘴唇这个平常的举动,实际上是第37号动作;由于惊讶而眼睑上扬是第5号;咬嘴唇则是第32号。大多数时候,我们都能控制这些脸部活动,但有些时候,特别是当我们处于压力之下,它们就会不由自主地泄露心事。
这些不自觉的微表情持续时间不超过四分之一秒,而贝思在寻找他人欺骗的证据时,关注的正是这些表情。
研究员:贝思,现在我要给你看一个视频片段,你可能对它很熟悉了。我希望你能给我指出你在这个视频片段中所看到的微表情。
比尔·克林顿(美国前总统):(视频)但我想对美国人民说明一件事情,我希望你们仔细听。我再说一遍:我没有和那个女人发生性关系,也就是莱温斯基小姐。我从没让任何人撒谎。从来没有。那些指控都是不成立的。
研究员:好了,你的第一反应是什么?
贝思:嗯,我看见好几个微表情。我认为,正是这些表情在他否认性丑闻的时候出卖了他。
噢,就那儿,停。他的脸上有一种坏坏的表情。
研究员:他似乎在咬嘴唇。
贝思:在我看来,他心情似乎不错,好像他正准备要糊弄别人一样,他没有表现出在那种情况下应有的严肃。(视频:我想说一件事……)
贝思:好,停。看,他脸上闪过了一丝假笑,是假笑。与先前一样,这不是恰当的表情,因为他正要告诉公众一件严肃的事,这可是一次面向美国国民的讲话啊。
研究员:所以你认为,从某种程度上来说,他无法控制这些行为,可以说这些细节泄露了天机。
贝思:对,你可从他的面部看出他正试图欺骗公众。与此同时,他脑子里想的是另外一回事,因为他在说谎,他没有说实话。
研究员:正是那些微表情暴露了他的内心。
贝思:没错。那是些暴露内心活动、泄露真实想法的表情。
研究员:不好意思了,比尔。
贝思:罪名成立。
研究员:罪名成立。