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多年来铁路专家们已经知道,由于货车制动力之间相当大的差别而引起了许多不利影响。这些不均匀的制动力是形成列车中车辆间减速度很大不同的主要因素。由于制动作用期间各车以不同的速率减速,必定造成很大的列车内力,即车钩力。很大的车钩力危及行车安全,并且是造成较高的维修费用的主要因素。为在各货车间提供较均匀的制动力并消除由于传动机构效率造成的含混不清,美国铁路协会规定了确定制动力要求的新方法。与旧的计算理论制动率(效率为100%)的方法不同,新方法是以测定各个闸瓦单元上的实际的即纯闸瓦压力为基础的。现在的所
Railway experts for many years already know that many adverse effects have been caused by considerable differences between the brake forces of the trucks. These inhomogeneous braking forces are a major factor in the large differences in deceleration between vehicles in a train. As the braking effect of the car at different rates of deceleration, will inevitably cause a great train internal force, that is, the hook force. A large hook force endangers traffic safety and is a major contributor to higher maintenance costs. In order to provide a more uniform braking force across the wagons and to eliminate ambiguities caused by the efficiency of the transmission, the American Railroad Association has set forth a new method of determining braking force requirements. Unlike the old method of calculating the theoretical braking rate (100% efficiency), the new method is based on determining the actual or pure brake shoe pressure on each brake shoe unit. Now