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为探索枯草芽孢杆菌替代抗菌素应用于鲤幼鱼饲料的可行性,在对照组(G0)基础上分别添加黄霉素4 mg/kg(G1)、喹烯酮125 mg/kg(G2)和枯草芽孢杆菌300 mg/kg(G3),饲喂平均体质量为24.39 g的鲤幼鱼56 d。结果表明,与对照组相比,枯草芽孢杆菌对鲤幼鱼生长和消化酶活性的提高均有显著的促进作用(P<0.05),并可显著提高血清中溶菌酶(LSZ)以及降低谷草转氨酶(GOT)和谷丙转氨酶(GPT)的活性(P<0.05),而两种抗菌素的促生长效果不显著(P>0.05),但黄霉素可显著提高后肠蛋白酶、脂肪酶以及肝胰脏淀粉酶的活性(P<0.05),而喹烯酮的促消化作用不显著(P>0.05),两种抗菌素均可显著提高LSZ的活性(P<0.05),黄霉素还可显著降低GOT和GPT的活性(P<0.05),喹烯酮可显著提高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性(P<0.05)。与抗菌素组相比,枯草芽孢杆菌在提高后肠淀粉酶和脂肪酶以及肝胰脏蛋白酶活性方面显著高于黄霉素(P<0.05),其整体促进消化酶活性作用优于喹烯酮。此外,其碱性磷酸酶(AKP)及SOD活性显著高于黄霉素组(P<0.05),GOT和GPT活性显著低于喹烯酮组(P<0.05),得出枯草芽孢杆菌可以显著提高鲤幼鱼生长和消化酶活性,并可显著影响其免疫相关酶的活性,可以替代这两种抗菌素应用于鲤配合饲料中。
In order to explore the feasibility of using Bacillus subtilis to replace antibiotics in juvenile common carp, the control group (G0) was added with 4 mg / kg of flaxomycin (G1), 125 mg / kg of Quinocetone (G2) and Bacillus subtilis 300 mg / kg (G3), feeding young carp with average body weight of 24.39 g for 56 days. The results showed that Bacillus subtilis significantly promoted the growth and digestive enzyme activities of juvenile Cyprinus carpio compared with the control group (P <0.05), and significantly increased the activity of lysozyme (LSZ) in serum and the activity of aspartate aminotransferase GOT and GPT (P <0.05), while the growth promoting effects of two antibiotics were not significant (P> 0.05), but flavomycin could significantly increase the activity of gut protease, lipase and hepatopancreas (P <0.05), while the activity of digestive enzymes of Quinocetone was not significant (P> 0.05). Both antibiotics could significantly increase the activity of LSZ (P <0.05) GPT (P <0.05). Quinocetone significantly increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) (P <0.05). Compared with the antibiotic group, Bacillus subtilis was significantly higher than flavanmycin (P <0.05) in improving intestinal protease activity of amylase and lipase and hepatopancreas, and its overall promotion of digestive enzyme activity was better than that of Quinocetone. In addition, alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity and SOD activity were significantly higher than those in the flavanomycin group (P <0.05) and GOT and GPT activities were significantly lower than that in the Quinocetone group (P <0.05). The results showed that Bacillus subtilis could significantly increase the carp Juvenile fish growth and digestive enzyme activity, and can significantly affect the activity of its immune-related enzymes, can replace the two antibiotics used in carp compound feed.