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本文阐述了黑龙江省辐射遗传育种工作进展情况,全省形成了以专业机构为骨干的辐射育种体系,通过辐射诱变选育出四十多个早熟、高产、抗病、质佳的粮食、经济、蔬菜等作物新品种或品系,推广面积七百余万亩。同时开展了辐射遗传理论和诱变方法的研究。初步总结了二十多年来辐射育种的基本经验:辐射诱变是选育早熟高产品种的有效方法;杂交与辐射相结合是提高变异率、扩大变异谱、缩短育种年限的有效途径;利用辐射诱变创造育种基础材料十余种类型,以丰富基因库;突变体在杂交育种、杂种优势上的利用,为间接利用突变体开辟了领域。辐射育种为我省农业生产的高产稳产作出了一定的贡献。就未来的研究方向提出了一些设想意见。实践证明,辐射诱变是寒冷地区选育早熟高产品种的有效途径之一。
This article expounds the progress of radiation genetic breeding in Heilongjiang Province. The province has formed a radiation breeding system with professional organizations as its backbone. More than 40 early-maturing, high-yield, disease-resistant and good grain crops have been bred by radiation mutagenesis. The economy , Vegetables and other new crop varieties or lines, to promote the area of more than seven million mu. At the same time carry out the radiation genetic theory and mutagenesis methods. The basic experience of radiation breeding for more than two decades is summarized. Radiation mutation is an effective way to breed early-maturing and high-yielding varieties. The combination of hybridization and radiation is an effective way to increase the mutation rate, expand the mutation spectrum and shorten the breeding life. Radiation Mutagenesis creates more than ten kinds of basic materials for breeding to enrich the gene pool. Mutant utilization in hybrid breeding and heterosis opens up the field for the indirect utilization of mutants. Radiation breeding has made some contribution to the high and stable agricultural production in our province. Put forward some tentative ideas on the future research direction. Practice has proved that radiation mutagenesis is one of the effective ways to breed precocious high-yielding varieties in cold areas.