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本文基于要素密集度异质性的视角从拉动规模和拉动系数两个维度分析研究了中国全行业出口的增加值拉动效应,并对中国、美国和印度进行跨国比较分析,研究发现:中国制造业出口拉动增加值规模大于服务业,但拉动系数却低于服务业;制造业中知识密集型行业出口对增加值的拉动规模最大,服务业中劳动密集型行业对增加值的拉动系数最高。中美印三国制造业出口拉动的增加值规模均超过服务业,但是拉动系数却都低于服务业。美国处于全球价值链的高端,几乎所有行业的出口增加值拉动系数都高于中国和印度。中国制造业相比印度有明显优势,但在知识密集型服务业却弱于印度。中国应努力提升出口的增加值贡献率,大力发展服务业和知识密集型产业,扩大出口的增加值拉动效应。
Based on the heterogeneity of factor density, this paper analyzes the pulling effect of the added value of China’s industry exports from the two dimensions of pulling scale and pulling coefficient, and conducts cross-border comparative analysis of China, the United States and India. The results show that: The value of export-led value added is larger than that of the service sector, but the pull coefficient is lower than that of the service sector. In the manufacturing sector, the export of knowledge-intensive industries has the largest pull in added value and the labor-intensive service in the service sector has the highest value-added pull coefficient. The value added of the manufacturing exports of the three countries in the United States and India surpassed that of the service sector, but the pulling factor was lower than that of the service sector. The United States is at the high end of the global value chain, and the pulling coefficient of export value added in almost all industries is higher than that in China and India. China’s manufacturing industry has a distinct advantage over India, but is weaker than India in knowledge-intensive services. China should strive to increase the contribution rate of value added by its exports, vigorously develop service industries and knowledge-intensive industries, and increase the value-added of exports to stimulate the effect.