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非法、不报告、不管制捕捞(IUU)是相当严重的全球问题,危害了海洋生态系统、食品安全、渔民生计,还造成逃税漏税,甚至跨国有组织犯罪,比如渔船人口贩卖,尤其是男人和儿童的贩卖。为分析IUU捕捞问题,不仅需要了解其发生场所,更需要掌握非法渔获最终如何流入市场。从这一角度出发,以我国对美出口的主要捕捞水产品为例,分析其IUU渔获情况,首先通过量化2014年我国主要输美捕捞水产品(青鳕、鲑鱼、蟹)中IUU渔获的数量比例,继而以我国对美出口水产品供应链为切入点进行研究,发现我国IUU渔获流入美国市场的主要原因为水产品供应链不透明、我国水产品加工来料多为俄罗斯IUU渔获。其次,分析美国近年来打击IUU捕捞的措施,尤其是最近美国通过了《进口水产品应对IUU及水产品欺诈的追溯识别机制》草案,该法案拟采取贸易管制措施对IUU进行打击,更是对我国捕捞水产品出口的巨大考验。
Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing (IUU) is a rather serious global problem that has endangered marine ecosystems, food safety, livelihoods of fishermen, tax evasion and even transnational organized crime such as trafficking in fishing vessels, especially men and women Children’s trafficking. In order to analyze the IUU fishing problem, it is not only necessary to understand its place of occurrence but also to know how the illegal catches eventually flow into the market. From this point of view, taking the major fishing aquatic products exported to the United States as an example, the IUU catch situation is analyzed. First, by quantifying the IUU catch in China’s major export fishery products (pollock, salmon and crab) in 2014 , And then to China’s exports to the United States aquatic products supply chain as the starting point to study and found that China’s IUU catch the main reason for the inflow of the U.S. market is the opaque supply chain of aquatic products, China’s aquatic products processing mostly imported IUU Russia . Secondly, we analyze the measures taken by the United States to combat IUU fishing in recent years. In particular, the United States recently passed a draft “retrospective identification mechanism for imported aquatic products to deal with IUU and aquatic product fraud”, which is intended to combat IUU with trade control measures. Huge export of aquatic products in China.