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膀胱结石的诊断,除根据病史、体检及化验检查外,最好照一张包括肾脏、输尿管、膀胱的X线平片。如果怀疑到尿道结石,更应拍摄尿道的X线平片。因为膀胱结石有时是由于上泌尿系结石进入膀胱逐渐增大而形成的,如果未能及时诊断出上泌尿系结石而予以必要的治疗,不仅膀胱结石易于复发,而且也会由于上泌尿系结石诊断的失误,日久而造成肾功能的损害。文中未能提出目前所公认的结石形成的诱因,如梗阻、感染等。如果手术前没有注意结石的原因,手术后的复发率是会增加的。如前列腺良性肥大合并结石,如果不治疗前列腺肥大而单单取出结石,则由于泌尿系梗阻没有解决,结石常常会再次形成。作者在表1中所提的“并发症”,一部分可能是结石形成的原因,如尿道狭窄、前列腺肥大的病人;膀胱结石可能是它的结果。膀胱及尿道结石持续时间比较久的病人,常常由于梗阻而致成双侧肾盂积水,严重时也会致成急性或慢性肾功能衰竭,形成尿毒症,术前亦应注意,必要时加以适当处理,否则不仅病人体质恢复的慢,并且也能增加手术的危险性。
Bladder stones in the diagnosis, in addition to medical history, physical examination and laboratory tests, the best according to a picture, including kidney, ureter, bladder X-ray. If you suspect urinary tract stones, urethral X-ray film should be taken. Because bladder stones are sometimes due to the upper urinary stones into the bladder gradually formed, if not timely diagnosis of upper urinary calculi and the necessary treatment, not only the bladder stones are easy to relapse, but also because of the diagnosis of urinary stones The mistakes, over time caused by renal damage. The article failed to put forward the currently recognized causes of stone formation, such as obstruction, infection and so on. If you did not pay attention to the reasons for stones before surgery, postoperative recurrence rate will increase. Such as benign prostatic hypertrophy associated with stones, if you do not treat prostatic hypertrophy and remove the stones alone, the urinary tract obstruction is not resolved, stones are often formed again. The “complications” the authors mentioned in Table 1 may partly be the cause of stones, such as urethral stricture and prostatic hypertrophy; bladder stones may be the result. Bladder and urethral stones in patients with longer duration, often due to obstruction caused by bilateral hydronephrosis, severe cases can cause acute or chronic renal failure, the formation of uremia, surgery should also be careful, if necessary, be appropriate Treatment, otherwise not only the patient’s physical recovery slow, but also can increase the risk of surgery.