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目的:研究“5.12”汶川地震中地震伤员的发病率和死亡率以及急诊科对突发灾难作出的反应。方法:回顾性分析四川大学华西医院救治685例地震伤员病历。将685例地震伤员中分为四组。(1)挤压综合症n=21;(2)骨折伤员n=503;(3)主要生命器官损伤伤员(包括脑、主要内脏器官)n=134;(4)非地震伤员但与地震有关的疾病发作的患者n=27。根据年龄、性别、诊断、预后、是否有复合伤等危险因素数据用spss13.0软件处理,找出伤员发病的特点和规律,探讨与之相适应的医疗救治特点及决策。结果:在685例地震伤员中,其中挤压综合症的死亡率为0%;骨折伤员,内脏损伤员及非地震伤员但与地震有关患者的死亡率分别为0%;0.145%;0.58%。急诊科总死亡率0.72%,有490例患者与强震后72小时入院。结论:在强震后24～72h内大量的地震伤员拥入医院急诊科,恰当分诊和迅速抢救受伤严重的伤员可降低发病率和死亡率。通过这次汶川地震的回顾性分析能够对急诊科医生及医院急诊科管理者对应将来突发性自然灾害给予有用的启示。
OBJECTIVE: To study the morbidity and mortality rate of the earthquake victims and the response of emergency department to sudden disaster in “5.12 ” Wenchuan earthquake. Methods: The records of 685 earthquake victims in West China Hospital of Sichuan University were retrospectively analyzed. 685 earthquake victims were divided into four groups. (1) crush syndrome n = 21; (2) n = 503 for fracture casualties; (3) n = 134 for injuries to major vital organs (including brain and major internal organs); N = 27 patients with disease onset. According to the age, gender, diagnosis, prognosis, whether there is compound injury and other risk factors data using spss13.0 software to identify the characteristics and patterns of the onset of the wounded, to explore the characteristics of medical treatment and decision-making. Results: Among the 685 earthquake victims, the death rate of crush syndrome was 0%. The death rates of fracture casualties, visceral injuries and non-earthquake casualties but related to earthquakes were 0%, 0.145% and 0.58% respectively. Emergency department total mortality 0.72%, 490 patients and 72 hours after the earthquake hospitalization. Conclusion: A large number of earthquake casualties have been admitted to the hospital emergency department within 24 ~ 72h after the strong earthquake. Proper triage and rapid rescue of seriously injured wounded people can reduce morbidity and mortality. The retrospective analysis of the Wenchuan earthquake can give emergency clinicians and hospital emergency department managers a useful inspiration for future unexpected natural disasters.