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我国北方稻区太阳能资源十分丰富,日照百分率一般在50%以上,显著高于南方,而西北稻区达60—70%以上,居全国之首位。特别是水稻抽穗、灌浆期间,北方多为“天高云淡”的晴天,对后期干物质积累十分有利。北方水稻生育期间气候温和适宜,昼夜温差大,有利于降低呼吸强度、减少干物质消耗。大于10℃以上有效积温为2,200—5,100℃,基本满足一季早粳和双季麦茬稻对热量的需要。上述光、温气候因素,构成了北方稻作的优越环境,因此我国水稻高产纪录多出自北方的宁夏、新疆、辽宁以及江苏徐州等地。
The rice resources in northern China are very rich in solar energy resources. The percentage of sunshine is generally above 50%, significantly higher than that of the south, while that of the northwest China reaches 60-70%, ranking the first in the country. Especially during heading and filling of rice, most of the northern part was sunny with clear sky, which was very favorable for the accumulation of dry matter in the later stage. During the growth of rice in the north, the climate is mild and appropriate, with large temperature difference between day and night, which helps reduce the respiratory intensity and reduce the consumption of dry matter. The effective accumulated temperature above 10 ℃ is 2,200-5,100 ℃, basically meeting the need of calorie in early season rice and double season wheat stubble rice. The light and warm climatic factors constitute a superior environment for rice cultivation in the north. Therefore, the records of rice yield in China are mostly from Ningxia, Xinjiang, Liaoning and Xuzhou in Jiangsu Province.