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为探究在高寒地区干旱气候条件下不同植物以及同种植物不同部位中植硅体的形态特征，丰富植物植硅体形态研究成果，以期为该区域古植被重建和植物分类提供参考，本研究采用湿式灰化法提取了共和盆地塔拉滩地区常见荒漠植物中的植硅体，并且对提取出的植硅体类型进行了鉴定和形态参数的测量。结果表明：10种植物中共统计到植硅体81298粒，鉴定出主要植硅体类型20种，包括帽型、棒型、齿型、尖型、哑铃型和不规则块状等；植物地上部位与地下部位中6种主要植硅体类型的参数大小分别为0.9～40.1和1.1～42.6 µm。不同科属的荒漠植物均拥有独有的典型植硅体类型，且不同部位中主要植硅体类型存在差异。同一形态植硅体的百分含量和参数大小在不同植物及同种植物不同部位中也存在一定差别。总体上，植物样品地上部位中植硅体的类型和数量均多于地下部位，其中禾本科植物中植硅体类型和数量最为丰富。“,”This study aimed to explore the morphological characteristics of phytoliths in different plants and different parts of the same plant under alpine and arid climate conditions, to enrich the research results about plant phytoliths. It is expected to provide a reference point for the reconstruction of ancient vegetation and plant classification in this area. In this study, the wet digestion method was used to extract phytoliths from common desert plants in the Tala Shoal of the Gonghe Basin, and the types of the extracted phytoliths were identified and the morphological parameters were measured. A total of 81 298 phytoliths were counted in 10 plant samples, and 20 main types of phytoliths were identified, including rondel, elongate, trapeziform, lanceolate, bilobate, and blocky irregular. The parameter sizes of the six main types of phytoliths in the aboveground and underground parts of plants were 0.9～40.1 and 1.1～42.6 µm, respectively. Desert plants have typical phytolith types that are unique for different families, and the main types of phytoliths are different in different plant parts. The percentage content and parameter size of the same phytolith form were also different in different plants and different parts of the same plant. In general, among the plants sampled, the types and number of phytoliths in the aboveground parts were greater than those in their underground parts, and were the most abundant in Poaceae.