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目的分析西安地区儿童细菌性腹泻病原菌谱及其流行特征,为制定防治措施提供参考依据。方法对西安地区2004-2016年14岁以下儿童中感染性腹泻患儿的粪便样本进行细菌分离培养鉴定,分析病原菌的分布特征及其变迁情况。结果共采集腹泻儿童粪便标本2 027份,检出阳性标本173份,检出率8.53%;包括志贺菌96株(55.49%),沙门氏菌51株(29.48%),肠致病性大肠杆菌20株(11.56%),副溶血性弧菌5株(2.89%),O157:H7肠出血性大肠杆菌1株(0.58%)。志贺菌属中福氏志贺菌为优势菌型(55株,57.29%),其次是宋内志贺菌(29株,30.21%);福氏志贺菌构成比逐渐下降,宋内志贺菌构成比逐渐上升。结论西安地区14岁以下儿童细菌性腹泻病原菌以志贺菌为主,沙门氏菌的检出比例逐渐增高。要注意菌型的变迁并加强副溶血性弧菌和肠出血性大肠杆菌的主动监测。
Objective To analyze the bacterial pathogenic bacteria profiles of children with diarrhea in Xi’an area and its epidemiological characteristics and provide a reference for the formulation of prevention and treatment measures. Methods Stool samples of children with infectious diarrhea in children under 14 years old in Xi’an from 2004 to 2016 were isolated and identified by bacteria. The distribution characteristics of pathogens and their changes were analyzed. Results A total of 2 027 stool samples were collected from diarrhea children, 173 positive samples were detected, the detection rate was 8.53%; 96 strains (55.49%) were Shigella, 51 (29.48%) were Salmonella, 20 5 strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (2.89%) and 1 strain of O157: H7 enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (0.58%). Shigella is the dominant strain of Shigella flexneri (55 strains, 57.29%), followed by Shigella sonnei (29 strains, 30.21%). The constituent ratio of Shigella flexneri decreased gradually, Herb composition ratio gradually increased. Conclusion The pathogenic bacteria of bacterial diarrhea in children under 14 years old in Xi’an are mainly Shigella, and the detection rate of Salmonella is gradually increased. Pay attention to the vicissitudes of bacteria and strengthen the active monitoring of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli.