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目的系统分析福建省近年手足口病流行病学特征,为进一步防控方案的制定提供依据。方法收集中国疾病监测信息报告系统中福建省2008—2012年手足口病监测资料,采用描述性、分析性流行病学方法和非整秩次秩和比法进行分析和评价。结果福建省2008—2012年手足口病共监测256 333例,累计发病率694.78/10万,累计死亡率0.21/10万,其中≤5岁儿童占95.74%,累计发病专率10 229.78/10万,累计死亡专率3.21/10万,重症构成比0.79‰;每年4—6月和9—10月是流行高峰季节;发病数构成比和累计发病专率最高的设区市分别是泉州市(24.32%)和福州市(14.60%);综合评价防控效果泉州市、莆田市和三明市好于其他设区市;农村病例恶化成重症和死亡的危险度分布是城市病例的1.45和2.04倍;1岁~组儿童发病专率和死亡专率高于其他年龄组;约52.11%的重症病例和89.61%的死亡病例由EV71感染引起。结论福建省手足口病疫情逐年上升,有独特的流行特点;少部分手足口病低发县区应警惕流行毒株的改变和肠道病毒引起其他疾病的暴发。
Objective To systematically analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease in Fujian Province in recent years and provide the basis for further prevention and control programs. Methods The monitoring data of hand-foot-mouth disease in Fujian Province during 2008-2012 were collected from China Disease Surveillance Information Reporting System. The descriptive and analytical epidemiological methods and non-integer rank-rank rank-ratio method were used to analyze and evaluate the data. Results A total of 256 333 cases of hand-foot-mouth disease were monitored in Fujian province from 2008 to 2012, with a cumulative incidence of 694.78 / 100 000 and a cumulative mortality of 0.21 / 100 000, of which 95.74% were children ≤ 5 years of age with a cumulative incidence of 10 229.78 / 100 000 , The cumulative death rate of 3.21 / 100000, severe constitutional ratio of 0.79 ‰; annual April-June and September-October is the peak season; the number of incidence ratio and the cumulative incidence of the highest rate of specific districts are Quanzhou City ( 24.32%) and Fuzhou City (14.60%). The comprehensive evaluation of prevention and control effect was better in Quanzhou, Putian and Sanming than in other districts and cities. The risk distribution of rural cases exacerbated into severe cases and death was 1.45 and 2.04 times higher than that of urban cases . The specific incidence and mortality of children aged 1 to 4 were higher than those of other age groups. About 52.11% of severe cases and 89.61% of deaths were caused by EV71 infection. Conclusions The epidemic situation of hand, foot and mouth disease in Fujian Province is increasing year by year with unique epidemiological characteristics. In a small number of HFMD counties, the change of epidemic strains and the outbreak of other diseases caused by enteroviruses should be observed.