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公共问题与公共管理解决的问题之间的不对称关系蕴含着一个重要问题:公共管理的待解问题是多样的,其解决的问题却具有选择性。如何理解这种选择性存在“给定论”和“建构论”的分歧,前者假定公共管理问题的选择取决于管理主体之外的存在性状或力量,后者认为公共管理问题的选择融入了管理者的能力、意愿和创造。管理实践和理论研究的进展均表明,什么样的问题应当进入管理议程,管理者拥有很大的自治和操纵空间。公共管理者不仅可以在外部环境限制下优化约束条件,获得问题选择的自由空间,而且能够以积极的行动和策略运用改变环境,扩张并创造问题选择的自主权。
The asymmetric relationship between public issues and those solved by public administration implies an important issue: the issues to be solved in public administration are diverse and the problems it solves are selective. How to understand the disagreement that there exists “selectivity theory” and “construction theory” selectively, the former presumes that the choice of public management problems depends on the existential traits or forces other than management subjects, and the latter thinks that the choice of public management problems Into the manager’s ability, willingness and creativity. The progress of management practice and theoretical research shows that what kind of problems should be put on the management agenda and managers have great autonomy and operating space. Public managers can not only optimize the constraints under the constraints of the external environment, gain free space for problem selection, but also can use positive actions and strategies to change the environment, expand and create the autonomy of problem choices.