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目的总结儿童意外损伤发病特点,帮助建立有效的防范措施。方法对2000年1月1日至2003年12月31日本院收住因意外损伤住院的1622例患儿(包括内科、外科和五官科)的损伤类型、多发年龄及相关因素进行分析。意外损伤以国际疾病分类标准ICD-10进行分类,以出院诊断为最终临床诊断。结果1622例意外损伤病例占同期住院病例的1·5%,男女之比例为1·8∶1,年龄从1个月~15岁。其中意外跌落559例(34·5%),气管异物470例(29·0%),烫伤291例(17·9%),车祸160例(9·9%),中毒64例(3·9%),溺水45例(2·8%),其它33例(2%)。意外损伤高峰年龄为0~3岁,占59·8%,而各年龄组中以1-岁组最为突出。治愈888例,好转614例,未愈68例,放弃41例,死亡11例。其中烫伤、中毒的治愈好转率较高,而溺水病死率最高(8·9%)。结论意外损伤是严重威胁儿童生命安全一类疾病,0-3岁男童多见,其中意外跌落和气管异物最常见儿童的意外损伤。只要全社会引起足够的重视,加强安全意识,普及防范知识,做到防患于未然,多数意外损伤是可以预防的。
Objective To summarize the characteristics of children’s accidental injury and help establish effective preventive measures. Methods From January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2003, the hospital analyzed the type of injury, multiple age and related factors in 1622 children hospitalized for accidental injury (including internal medicine, surgery and ENT). Unexpected injuries were classified according to the International Classification of Diseases ICD-10, and were discharged to the final clinical diagnosis. Results 1622 cases of accidental injury accounted for 1.5% of hospitalized cases in the same period. The ratio of men to women was 1.8 to 1, and the age ranged from 1 month to 15 years. Among them, 559 (34.5%) were accidentally dropped, 470 (29.0%) were tracheal foreign bodies, 291 (17.9%) were scalded, 160 (9.9%) were car accidents and 64 %), Drowning in 45 cases (2.8%) and the other 33 cases (2%). The peak age of accidental injury ranged from 0 to 3 years old, accounting for 59.8% of the total, with the most prominent group being 1- year olds in all age groups. 888 cases were cured, 614 cases improved, 68 cases unhealed, 41 cases abandoned and 11 cases died. Including burns, poisoning cure rate higher, and drowning mortality was the highest (8.9%). Conclusion Accidental injury is a serious threat to children’s life-safety diseases, more common in boys aged 0-3, including accidental falls and accidental trauma to the most common children with tracheal foreign bodies. As long as the whole society has given enough attention to strengthening safety awareness, popularizing preventive knowledge and taking preventive measures, most accidental injuries can be prevented.