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通常聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol,PEG)修饰脂质体被认为几乎没有或仅有很低的免疫原性。最新的文献报道,重复注射PEG修饰脂质体发生了免疫反应。当向同一动物体内重复注射(间隔几天)PEG化脂质体时,二次注射的PEG化脂质体导致体内循环时间降低,于肝和脾的聚集量增加,这种现象称为“加速血液清除”(accelerated blood clearance,ABC)现象。该免疫反应使PEG化制剂的发展和临床应用面临严峻的挑战,可能造成药物或基因治疗效率的下降,甚至引起临床的毒副作用。本文综述了ABC现象的定义、验证ABC现象的方法和手段、ABC现象成因的研究进展及影响因素,并对其他PEG修饰载体是否也会发生ABC现象进行了探讨。
Often polyethylene glycol (PEG) modified liposomes are considered to have little or only little immunogenicity. The latest literature reports that repeated injection of PEG-modified liposomes developed an immune response. When PEGylated liposomes are injected repeatedly (several days apart) into the same animal, the second injection of PEGylated liposomes results in a reduction of circulating time in the body and an increase in the accumulation of liver and spleen, a phenomenon known as “ Accelerated blood clearance ”(ABC) phenomenon. This immune response poses a serious challenge to the development and clinical application of PEGylated preparations, which may lead to the decrease of the efficiency of drug or gene therapy and even cause clinical side effects. This article summarizes the definition of ABC phenomenon, the method and means of verifying ABC phenomenon, the research progress of ABC phenomenon and its influencing factors, and also discusses whether other PEG-modified vectors also occur ABC phenomenon.