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利用水稻DUS测试指南(2012版)中的38个水稻标准品种和52个基本测试性状对上海地区的172个粳稻地方品种进行遗传多样性分析,并与14个上海地区选育的申请品种保护的粳稻品种作比较。结果表明:地方品种表型性状共检测到176个等位变异,平均每个测试性状检测到3.6667个,变幅介于1~8个。Shannon’s多样性指数(H’)平均值为0.6834,变幅介于0~1.9327,77.08%的性状存在3个及以上的等位变异;地方品种的等位变异数、每个性状的等位变异数及其变异幅度、多样性指数平均值等均大于现代育成品种,在外观形态上,地方品种的遗传多样性比现代育成品种更丰富。利用UPGMA法进行聚类分析发现在相似系数为0.53时,可将186个粳稻品种分为3个类(亚)群,现代育成品种单独组成一个亚群;而主坐标分析将186个粳稻品种明显的分为地方品种和现代育成品种两大区。地方品种具有丰富的多样性,与现代育成品种具有明显的形态差异,可为今后粳稻育成品种的改良提供更多的形态基础。
The genetic diversity of 172 japonica landraces in Shanghai was analyzed using 38 rice standard varieties and 52 basic test traits in the DUS Test Guideline for Rice 2012 (2012 edition), and was compared with 14 cultivars from Shanghai Japonica varieties for comparison. The results showed that a total of 176 alleles were detected in the phenotypic traits of local cultivars, with an average of 3.6667 traits per test trait, ranging from 1 to 8. Shannon’s diversity index (H ’) averaged 0.6834, and alleles with amplitudes ranging from 0 to 1.9327 and 77.08% had three or more alleles. The number of alleles, the allelic variation of each trait Number and its variation range, the average value of diversity index and so on were all greater than that of modern breeding varieties. In terms of appearance and morphology, the genetic diversity of local varieties was more abundant than that of modern breeding varieties. Cluster analysis using UPGMA showed that 186 japonica cultivars could be divided into three subgroups when the similarity coefficient was 0.53, and a single subpopulation was formed by modern cultivars. The main coordinate analysis of 186 japonica cultivars Divided into local varieties and modern varieties bred two areas. Local varieties are rich in diversity, with the modern bred varieties have obvious morphological differences, which can provide more morphological basis for future improvement of japonica rice varieties.