氧气的发现彻底推翻了燃素说,建立起科学的燃烧学说,这是化学史上的一次革命。马克思主义创始人对这一历史性事件,给以很高的评价。恩格斯曾说,氧气的发现使“倒立着的全部化学正立起来了”。回顾氧的发现历史,我们会看到,在科学的道路上前人是怎样走过来的,那些是正确的,那些是错误的,我们应该沿着怎样的道路走下去。一人类对火与燃烧现象的实践经验,至少已有五十万年以上的历史。如果有人问物质为什么会燃烧?具有普通化学知识的现代人都可做出正确的回答。但在生产和科学不发达的古代,这却不是一个简单的问题。十七世纪以后,工业的发展特别是冶金和化学工业的发展,使人们更多地积累了使物质发生化学转变的新技术,火也日益发挥着更大的作用。由于生产上的需要,使人们更迫切地想要彻底弄清火及燃烧现象的本质。欧洲的工业革命,不仅促进了生产的发展和科学技术水 The discovery of oxygen completely overturned the said that the establishment of a scientific combustion theory, which is a revolution in the history of chemistry. The founder of Marxism spoke highly of this historic event. Engels once said that the discovery of oxygen erected “all the chemistry that stood upside down.” Looking back at the history of the discovery of oxygen, we will see how predecessors came along on the road to science, those that were right, those that were wrong, and what path we should go on. A human experience of fire and burning has at least 500,000 years of history. If anyone asks why matter burns, modern people with general chemistry can answer right. But in ancient times when production and science were underdeveloped, this was not a simple question. Since the 17th century, the development of industry, especially the development of metallurgy and chemical industry, has led to more accumulation of new technologies for the chemical transformation of matter. Fire is also playing an increasingly greater role. Because of the need for production, people are more eager to thoroughly understand the essence of fire and burning phenomena. The industrial revolution in Europe not only promoted the development of production and water of science and technology