优异的运动成绩有赖于科学的训练方法、良好的心理素质和合理的营养供给。近年来,体育专家们越来越注意到,除了糖、脂肪、蛋白质、维生素、无机盐和水这六大营养素外,一些人体所必需的微量元素对运动能力有很大的影响。下面着重说说锌、铁、铜、镁、锰这五种微量元素对运动能力的影响。1.铁:铁是血红蛋白的必需组成成分之一。当体内的铁储存因运动消耗而减少时,血红蛋白的合成就会减少,就会引起缺铁性贫血。同时,在细胞中储存的铁蛋白也会相应减少。铁蛋白有抑制细菌繁殖的作用,因而会损害机体的免疫机能,造成对疾病的抵抗力下降,容易受病原微生物感染而患病,从而妨碍运动员的正常训练和运动能力的提高。一个成年运动员每天的需铁量为20～30毫克为了预防缺铁,运动员应多吃些含铁丰富的食 Excellent athletic performance depends on scientific training methods, good psychological quality and reasonable nutrition supply. In recent years, more and more sports experts have noticed that in addition to the six nutrients such as sugar, fat, protein, vitamins, inorganic salts and water, some trace elements necessary for the human body have a great influence on athletic performance. The following focuses on zinc, iron, copper, magnesium, manganese five kinds of trace elements on the exercise capacity. Iron: Iron is an essential component of hemoglobin. When the body’s iron storage is reduced due to exercise consumption, hemoglobin synthesis will be reduced, it will cause iron deficiency anemia. At the same time, ferritin stored in the cells will be reduced accordingly. Ferritin has the effect of inhibiting bacterial growth, which will damage the body’s immune function, resulting in decreased resistance to disease, susceptible to infection by pathogenic microorganisms and sickness, thus hindering athletes’ normal training and exercise capacity. An adult athlete needs 20 to 30 milligrams of iron daily. To prevent iron deficiency, athletes should eat more iron-rich foods