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为提高快速制造金属零件的效率,同时保证零件具有良好精度及一定的力学性能,提出一种基于选区激光熔化技术的变密度快速制造工艺:将零件分为壳体区及内部填充区两个成型区域,壳体区采用致密态工艺成型,内部填充区采用非致密态工艺成型。分析了非致密态组织与致密态组织之间的过渡工艺条件:通过调整工艺参数控制对固体基础的熔化量,可实现非致密态组织与致密态组织的切换。采用316 L不锈钢粉进行的成型实验表明,采用变密度制造工艺,相对于仅采用致密态成型工艺,成型效率大幅提高,成型件重量大大减轻,且合理设置壳体厚度后,成型件可获得足够硬度;对尺寸较大的零件,还能明显改善成型精度。
In order to improve the efficiency of rapid manufacturing of metal parts and ensure the parts with good precision and certain mechanical properties, a rapid manufacturing process based on the selection of laser melting technology is proposed: the parts are divided into two parts: the shell area and the internal filling area The area and the shell area are formed by the dense state process, and the internal filling area is formed by the non-dense state process. The transitional process conditions between non-densified and densified microstructure were analyzed: the non-densified and densified microstructure can be switched by controlling the melting amount of solid foundation by adjusting the process parameters. Forming experiments with 316L stainless steel powder show that the use of variable density manufacturing process, compared with only the use of dense state molding process, a substantial increase in molding efficiency, greatly reducing the weight of the molded parts, and the reasonable thickness of the shell, the molded parts can be sufficient Hardness; For larger parts, but also significantly improve the molding accuracy.