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近年,中国人关于国祭、公祭的争论,实际上是表现了改革开放30年来中国人在意义建构与意义冲突层面上的重大问题。对于传统圣祖实行国祭或公祭的关键,不在于祭典的操办及其国家形式,而是在于作为一个民族国家的共同信仰的现代性构成,以及信仰构成的神圣资源、实践模式如何建构的问题。它们构成了以中国信仰认同为中心的现代性政治——文化方案。所以,国祭、公祭的争论焦点,进一步涉及的,是中国信仰的公私之辨,中国信仰与中国人的集体认同、社会认同甚至是政治认同的边界是否存在及如何建构等重大问题。国家公祭圣祖的现象,表达了中国当代信仰的差序格局、公私之辨及其社会化的必然要求。
In recent years, the controversy over the national sacrifices and public sacrifices of the Chinese has shown in fact the major problems that the Chinese people have in the context of the meaning construction and meaning conflict during the 30 years of reform and opening up. The crux of the traditional sacrificial offerings or public sacrifices of the holy ancestors lies not in the handling of the ceremonies and in their national forms but in the modern constitution of the common belief as a nation state and the sacred resources of belief as well as the construction of practical models . They constitute a modern political-cultural program centered on the identification of Chinese faith. Therefore, the focal points of the national sacrifices and public sacrifices are further involved with the major issues of the distinction between public and private beliefs of China, the collective identity of Chinese beliefs and Chinese people, the existence of social identity and even the boundary of political identity and how to construct such issues. The state public sacrifices to the holy ancestors have expressed the difference pattern of contemporary Chinese faith, the discrimination between public and private and the inevitable requirement of its socialization.