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本文对职业性哮喘(OA)的病因、临床表现、诊断进行综述。能引发OA的物质达300多种,分为高分子和低分子物质两类。OA以病因诊断为基础,根据确切的职业史、哮喘史、结合异常肺功能和实验室资料确立职业接触和哮喘发病之间的因果关系,排除其他原因喘息或呼吸道疾患方可诊断。特异变应原吸入支气管激发试验是最接近金标准的诊断方法。
This article reviews the causes, clinical manifestations and diagnosis of occupational asthma (OA). OA can cause substances up to 300 kinds, divided into two types of polymers and low molecular weight substances. Based on the etiological diagnosis, OA establishes a causal relationship between occupational exposure and asthma onset based on the exact occupational history, asthma history, and combined with abnormal pulmonary function and laboratory data. Patients with other causes of wheezing or respiratory disorders are excluded from diagnosis. Specific allergen inhalation bronchial provocation test is the closest gold standard diagnostic method.