近年来，高通量组学技术迅速发展，人群队列与样本资源逐渐累积，互联网和信息技术飞速进步，大数据开发工具不断涌现，健康医疗大数据为流行病学研究提供了丰富的数据资源和广阔的科研平台。本文将分析大数据时代流行病学研究的机遇和挑战，展望未来学科的发展方向。流行病学应抓住机遇，开辟新方向、发展新方法，推动医学基础研究成果向公共卫生和临床实践的转化应用，实现“健康中国”的美好愿景。“,”Recent years with the rapid progress in high-throughput omics techniques, the accumulation of population cohorts and biobanks, great advances in internet and information technology, and the emerging tools for big data utilization, health care big data provide abundant data resources and broad research platforms for epidemiological research. We aimed to review the opportunities and challenges of epidemiological research in the era of big data, and explore the future development of epidemiology. Epidemiology should seize the opportunities, open up new directions, develop new methods, and promote the translation of research results into public health and clinical medicine, which will eventually realize the vision of “Healthy China”.