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难治性消化道出血是指原因不明,诊断困难,或虽诊断明确但病因难除,或病情危重,出血量大而反复,经内外科治疗而难以控制的消化道出血[1]。传统上以十二指肠屈氏韧带为界,将消化道分为上、下消化道。近年来,根据美国胃肠病学会的新主张[2],以十二指肠屈氏韧带及回盲部为界,可分为上消化道,包括食管、胃、十二指肠壶腹以上;中消化道,包括壶腹以下的十二指肠、空肠、回肠;下消化道,包括结肠和直肠。
Refractory gastrointestinal bleeding refers to the unknown cause, the diagnosis is difficult, or although the diagnosis is clear but the cause is difficult to remove, or critically ill, bleeding large and repeated, difficult to control by the surgical treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding [1]. Traditionally the duodenal flexor ligament as a community, the digestive tract is divided into upper and lower gastrointestinal tract. In recent years, according to the new idea of the American Gastroenterology Association [2], to duodenal flexor ligament and the ileocecal sector as the world, can be divided into the upper digestive tract, including the esophagus, stomach, ampulla of the duodenum and above ; The middle digestive tract, including the duodenum below the ampulla, jejunum, ileum; lower gastrointestinal tract, including the colon and rectum.