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问题的由来和美国的争论苏联和美国在1957年先后成功地试验发射洲际导弹后,很快地在五十年代末开始用第一代洲际导弹装备各自的导弹部队。从此,关于洲际导弹机动问题的研究就被提到白宫和克里姆林宫的议事日程上。所谓洲际导弹的机动问题,就是如何使洲际导弹系统具有高度的机动性而不易被敌方摧毁,以确保自己一旦受到敌方第一次核袭击后,仍然有足够数量的核弹头可对敌方进行核报复。自从六十年代中期美苏开始装备第三代洲际导弹以来,机动问题的研究更成为燃眉之急。因为第三代洲际导弹的主要特点是一枚洲际导弹可携带几个至几十个分弹头,这些分弹头既可以分头攻击不同的目标,也可集中攻击一个目标,而且其命中精度比第一代、第二代洲际导弹大大提高。以美国而言,“民兵Ⅲ型”导弹的命中精度为200—400米,而采用全球导航卫星精密制导的潜基导弹以
The Origin of the Problem and the Argument in the United States After the Soviet Union and the United States successfully tested the launch of intercontinental missiles in 1957, they quickly began to equip their respective missile units with the first generation of intercontinental missiles in the late 1950s. Since then, research on the intercontinental missile maneuver has been referred to the agenda of the White House and the Kremlin. The so-called intercontinental missile maneuver problem is how to make the intercontinental missile system highly mobile and not easily destroyed by the enemy so as to ensure that once the enemy’s first nuclear attack, there are still enough nuclear warheads available to the enemy Nuclear retaliation. Since the mid-1960s, when the United States and the Soviet Union started to equip the third generation of intercontinental missiles, the study of maneuvering problems has become a pressing matter of the moment. Because the main feature of the third generation intercontinental missiles is that an intercontinental missile can carry several to several dozen submunitions that can attack different targets separately and can also attack a target in a concentrated manner, and its hit precision is higher than that of the first Generation, the second generation of intercontinental missiles greatly increased. In the case of the United States, the militia type III missiles have a hit accuracy of 200-400 meters, while the use of GNSS-guided submarine missiles