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目的探讨巨大儿的生长发育状况及其影响因素。方法采用回顾性队列研究方法,对纳入儿童保健管理系统的婴幼儿进行调查,比较生长发育状况,并分析巨大儿的影响因素。结果共调查巨大儿62人,正常出生体重儿661人。体重、身长、头围和BMI均值在0～36个月均为巨大儿>正常出生体重儿。巨大儿在18个月内超重发生率高于正常出生体重儿,OR值为5.49(95%CI:2.09～14.42);而肥胖发生率在生后6个月内明显高于后者(OR=3.03,95%CI:1.36～6.76),其后超重和肥胖发生率在两组间无明显差别。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,男性婴儿和孕周>40周是巨大儿发生的危险因素。结论巨大儿肥胖、超重发生率分别在6个月、18个月前明显高于正常出生体重儿,提示2岁前可能是控制儿童肥胖的关键时期。
Objective To investigate the growth and development of giant children and its influencing factors. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted to investigate infants and toddlers who were included in the child health management system to compare the growth and development status and analyze the influencing factors of the macrosomia. Results A total of 62 children were surveyed, 661 normal birth weight children. Body weight, length, head circumference and BMI mean macrosomia> normal birth weight at 0-36 months. The incidence of overweight in hypertensive children was higher than that of normal birth weight in 18 months (OR: 5.49; 95% CI: 2.09-14.42); while the incidence of obesity was significantly higher in the 6 months after birth (OR = 3.03, 95% CI: 1.36 ~ 6.76), then the incidence of overweight and obesity in the two groups no significant difference. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that male infants and gestational weeks> 40 weeks were risk factors for macrosomia. Conclusion The incidence of obesity and overweight in giant children were significantly higher than those of normal birth weight at 6 months and 18 months respectively, suggesting that pre-2 years may be the key period to control childhood obesity.