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1前言2009年,世界卫生组织(WHO)推荐轮状病毒疫苗(Rotavirus Vaccines,RotV)应纳入全球各国儿童常规免疫程序中,特别在是腹泻导致<5岁儿童死亡率≥10%的国家。目前许可上市的RotV是2种口服减毒活疫苗:单价(Monovalent)人轮状病毒RV1株疫苗(Rotarix,比利时葛兰素史克公司)和五价(Pentavalent)牛-人重配RV5株疫苗(RotaTeq,美国默克公司)。在很多中、高收入国家,这两种疫苗已用于儿童免疫。一些符合GAVI项目资助的亚、非地区低收入国家
1 Introduction In 2009, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended that Rotavirus Vaccines (RotV) should be included in routine immunization programs for children in all countries in the world, especially in countries where diarrhea causes mortality of children aged <5 years> 10%. The currently licensed RotV is two live attenuated oral vaccines: the Monovalent human rotavirus RV1 vaccine (Rotarix, GSK) and the Pentavalent cow-human RV5 vaccine ( RotaTeq, Merck, USA). In many middle- and high-income countries, both vaccines are already used for childhood immunization. A number of GACI-funded subregional and non-regional low-income countries