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(一) 现象学寻求“回归”现象世界或生活世界的努力,在笔者看来,最富有成果的范例当数马克思。我们要从马克思那里汲取丰富的思想资源。当然,对于马克思基于人类生活世界的历史现象学的研究可以有不同的视角,但我更关注的是迄今为止还很少有人涉及的一个维度,即马克思的田园思想。 马克思对于人的生活最具价值的历史阐释,是按照他区划的三个连续、动态同一的社会形态揭示人的生存境况的。他这样写道:“人的依赖关系(起初完全是自然发生的),是最初的社会形态,在这种形
(I) Phenomenology Seeks to “return” to the world of phenomena or to the world of life. In my opinion, the most fruitful example is Marxism. We need to draw a wealth of ideological resources from Marx. Of course, there may be different perspectives on Marx’s historical phenomenology based on the world of human life, but I am more concerned with one of the few dimensions to date, namely, pastoral thinking by Marx. Marx’s most valuable historical explanation of human life reveals the existence of human beings in accordance with the three consecutive and dynamically identical social formations of his division. He wrote: "The dependence of man (which was at first completely natural) was the first social form in which