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引起小儿上呼吸道感染的病原以病毒为主,而下呼吸道感染常由细菌性病原引起,尤其是严重肺炎。引起小儿呼吸道感染的常见细菌病原有肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌,以及卡他莫拉菌、百日咳杆菌、大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌等。了解各种细菌的病原学特点及引发感染的机制,并给予及时、正确的治疗,对临床防治呼吸道感染具有重要意义。现就引起小儿呼吸道感染的几种常见细菌病原的临床特点、发病机制及其治疗进行阐述。
The cause of upper respiratory tract infection in children with the virus-based, and lower respiratory tract infections are often caused by bacterial pathogens, especially severe pneumonia. Common bacterial pathogens causing respiratory tract infections in children are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Moraxella catarrhalis, Bordetella pertussis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, etc. . To understand the etiological characteristics of various bacteria and the mechanism of causing infection, and give timely and correct treatment is of great significance in the prevention and treatment of respiratory tract infections in clinical practice. Now on the pediatric respiratory tract infection caused by several common bacterial pathogens clinical features, pathogenesis and treatment are described.