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为了解哈萨克族饮食与该民族孕产妇贫血高发生率现象的关系,制定统一问卷调查表,对阿勒泰地区哈萨克族和汉族孕妇饮食习惯特点进行问卷调查。由专门接受培训的人员进行入户调查,调查哈萨克族孕妇298人,汉族孕妇296人。结果显示,汉族孕妇有51例患有贫血(17.23%),哈萨克族孕妇贫血220例(73.83%)。两组孕妇的年龄、文化程度、家庭收入差异均无统计学意义(χ~2=1.851、4.549、2.835,P均>0.05)。两组孕妇中餐时同时饮用奶茶情况差异有统计学意义(χ~2=273.789,P<0.05);日常生活中每日蔬菜食用量差异无统计学意义(χ~2=36.091,P>0.05);但是食用蔬菜品种差异有统计学意义(χ~2=527.197,P<0.05)。对防治孕期贫血相关知识的知晓情况,分别调查孕妇对平衡膳食、高铁食物、适宜补铁孕周等问题的知晓情况,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=1.001、73.752、19.106,P均<0.05)。哈萨克族孕妇贫血发生率高主要与维生素C摄入少(蔬菜品种过少)、以及对防治孕期贫血相关知识匮乏、习惯长期饮用奶茶等有关。
To understand the relationship between the Kazak diet and the high prevalence of maternal anemia, a unified questionnaire was established to investigate the characteristics of eating habits of Kazakh and Han pregnant women in Altay region. Household survey conducted by specially trained personnel investigated 298 Kazakh pregnant women and 296 Korean pregnant women. The results showed that 51 pregnant women with anemia (17.23%), 220 pregnant women anemia (73.83%). There was no significant difference in age, education level and family income between the two groups of pregnant women (χ ~ 2 = 1.851,4.549,2.835, P> 0.05). There was no significant difference in the daily consumption of vegetables between the two groups (χ ~ 2 = 36.091, P> 0.05) However, the differences of edible vegetable varieties were statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 527.197, P <0.05). To know about the prevention and treatment of anemia related knowledge during pregnancy, the awareness of pregnant women on balanced diet, high-speed rail food, appropriate iron pregnancy and other issues were investigated, the difference was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 1.001,73.752,19.106, P < 0.05). The incidence of anemia in Kazakh pregnant women is mainly related to the low intake of vitamin C (too few varieties of vegetables), the lack of knowledge about the prevention and treatment of anemia during pregnancy, and the habit of long-term drinking milk tea.