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[目的]快速筛选磷高效基因型小麦品种。[方法]以黄淮麦区112份小麦品种(系)为材料,设置正常磷和低磷2个磷处理,通过大田池栽试验,对小麦成株期19个与产量及磷效率相关性状进行分析,并以济麦22为对照,筛选磷效率和产量均表现优异的磷高效基因型。[结果]与正常磷处理相比,低磷条件下,小麦的8个产量性状(单株穗数、千粒重、株高、穗长、可育小穗数、穗粒数、单株粒重和地上单株总重)和3个磷积累量性状(单株籽粒、单株秸秆和单株地上总磷积累量)均显著下降,而3个磷利用效率性状(籽粒、秸秆和地上总磷利用效率)均显著增加,说明低磷胁迫会使小麦成株期的产量和磷积累量大大降低,但明显提高磷利用效率;相关性分析发现,株高、可育小穗数和单株粒重与秸秆和地上单株含磷量和3个磷积累量性状均呈显著正相关,与2个磷利用效率性状呈显著负相关(P≤0.01),可以作为磷效率的初步快评指标。正常磷处理下筛选出17个磷高效基因型,其中旱选H28、2010品4891和周麦28的单株粒重比济麦22分别高出36.07%、31.96%和37.44%,地上总磷利用效率比济麦22分别高出49.34%、49.42%和33.05%;低磷处理下筛选出10份磷高效基因型,其中河农826的单株粒重和地上总磷利用效率分别比济麦22高出37.69%和20.42%;另外,旱选H23、旱选H28和徐麦856在正常磷和低磷处理下均被鉴定为磷高效基因型,可能具有较高的育种价值。[结论]该研究为培育磷高效品种提供了原始亲本材料。
[Objective] The rapid screening of P efficient wheat genotypes. [Method] With 112 wheat cultivars (lines) in Huanghuai wheat area as materials, two phosphorus treatments, normal phosphorus and low phosphorus, were set up. Through field pot culture experiments, 19 traits related to yield and P efficiency Analysis and Jimai 22 as a control, screening phosphorus efficiency and yield were excellent phosphorus efficient genotypes. [Result] Compared with normal phosphorus treatment, under the condition of low phosphorus, the yield traits (the number of panicle per plant, the number of 1000-grain weight, the plant height, the spike length, the number of fertile spikelets, the number of grains per spike, The total plant weight on the ground) and the three P accumulation traits (the accumulation of single plant grain, single plant straw and single plant on the ground) decreased significantly. However, the three phosphorus use efficiency traits (grain, straw and aboveground total phosphorus utilization Efficiency) were significantly increased, indicating that low-P stress will make the wheat adult plant yield and phosphorus accumulation decreased significantly, but significantly improve phosphorus use efficiency; correlation analysis found that plant height, spikelet number and grain weight per plant It had a significant positive correlation with phosphorus content and three phosphorus accumulation traits in straw and on the ground, and negatively correlated with the two phosphorus use efficiency traits (P≤0.01), which could be used as a preliminary evaluation index of phosphorus efficiency. 17 phosphorus-efficient genotypes were screened under normal phosphorus treatment. The grain weight per plant of H28, 2010 4891 and Zhoumai 28 were 36.07%, 31.96% and 37.44% higher than those of ZM 22 respectively. The efficiency was 49.34%, 49.42% and 33.05% higher than that of Jimai 22 respectively. Ten phosphorus-efficient genotypes were screened under low-phosphorus treatment, in which the grain weight per plant and total phosphorus utilization efficiency of HeNan 826 were higher than that of Jimai 22 Higher than that of 37.69% and 20.42% respectively. In addition, drought-selected H23, dry-election H28 and Xu-mai 856 were all identified as efficient phosphorus genotypes under normal and low phosphorus treatments, which may have higher breeding value. [Conclusion] The study provided the original parent material for cultivating high phosphorus efficient varieties.