化肥是我国农业生产的主体肥料,化肥的用量在逐年增加,但化肥的利用率却逐年下降。到目前,氮肥当季利用率仅为30%～35%,磷肥当季利用率仅为10%～25%,钾肥的利用率为50%～60%。流失和被土壤固定的比例相当高,提高肥料当季利用率已是当务之急。影响化肥利用率高低的因素很多,如作物种类、品种,土壤理化性状,气候状况,耕作管理水平,肥料种类、施肥量 Fertilizer is the main fertilizer for agricultural production in China, the amount of chemical fertilizer is increasing year by year, but the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers has declined year by year. Up to now, the utilization rate of nitrogenous fertilizer is only 30% -35%, the utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer is only 10% -25%, and the utilization rate of potash fertilizer is 50% -60%. The rate of churning and fixing of soils is quite high. It is imperative to increase the seasonal utilization of fertilizers. There are many factors affecting the level of fertilizer utilization, such as crop type, variety, soil physical and chemical properties, climate status, farming management level, type of fertilizer, amount of fertilizer