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多晶材料中晶粒取向呈某种程度的集中分布现象,称之为择尤取向。具有择尤取向的组织称织构。在金属材料中,往往不同程度的存在着织构,引起材料的各向异性,从而对生产工艺和使用性能起着显著影响。因此,织构的研究一直是材料科学的重要课题。在织构各种测定方法中X射线衍射术是最常用的方法之一。织构的X射线测定结果可用极图、反极图或三维取向分布图来表示。极图表示法及其不足将材料中各个晶粒的某一晶面{hkl}取向采用极射赤面投影的方法均标注在同一投影面内,并标明此投影图与轧面、轧向(或纤维轴方向)等外观特征方向的关系,这种投影图称多晶体的极图。所以,极图是以被测材料的外观特征方向(轧面、轧向或纤维轴方向)为参照坐标系按极射赤面投影方法绘成的某一选定的晶面{hkl}取向分布图。
The orientation of the grains in the polycrystalline material shows a certain degree of concentration, which is called the preferred orientation. Organizations with a particular preference are called textures. In metal materials, there are often different degrees of texture, causing the material anisotropy, which has a significant impact on the production process and performance. Therefore, the study of texture has always been an important issue in material science. X-ray diffractometry is one of the most commonly used methods in texturing various measurement methods. Texture X-ray measurement results can be pole figure, reverse pole figure or three-dimensional orientation distribution to represent. Polar graph representation and its deficiency will {hkl} orientation of a crystal plane of each grain in the material using the method of polar projection red-plane projection are marked in the same projection plane, and indicate the projection and rolling surface, rolling direction Fiber axis direction) and other appearance characteristics of the relationship between the direction of this projection map polycrystalline pole figure. Therefore, pole figure is based on the direction of the appearance of the material under test (rolling surface, rolling or fiber axis direction) as the reference coordinate system according to polar projection red plane projection of a selected plane {hkl} orientation distribution .