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“5.12”汶川特大地震造成了重大人员伤亡和财产损失,而山体滑坡形成的堰塞湖不稳定而易于发生溃决,造成洪水灾害,是震后急需防御的次生灾害重点和难点.除了大量的现场勘测外,对泄流及堰塞体冲刷过程的研究,是制定下游避险、抢险方案的关键.清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室曾为规模最大、威胁最严重的唐家山堰塞湖抢险提供了及时的技术支持,本文是部分工作的总结.针对唐家山堰塞湖特定的泄流动力学过程,开发了平面二维水沙数学模型,扩展了基本方程,考虑了堰塞体形成的河床变形对水流运动的影响,提出了高精度且高效率的边界跟踪算法,分析了堰塞湖泄流过程以及堰塞体冲刷发展的机制.结果表明,河床变形对泄流影响较大,堰塞体以溯源冲刷为主,计算得到的泄流流量、堰塞湖水位与实际观测值吻合较好,这些结果已经很好地服务于唐家山堰塞湖下游应对方案的确定.
“5.12” Wenchuan earthquake caused heavy casualties and property losses, and landslides formed by the unstable lake lake prone to collapse, resulting in floods, flood protection is urgently needed after the disaster secondary focus and difficulty .In addition to A large number of on-site surveys, the study of drainage and weir body scouring process, is to develop downstream hedging, rescue program key. Tsinghua University, State Key Laboratory of sediment science and water conservancy and hydropower engineering for the largest and most threatening This paper is a summary of some work.Aiming at the specific discharge dynamic process of Tangjiashan dammed lake, a two-dimensional mathematical model of water and sediment is developed and the basic equations are extended to consider The effect of riverbed deformation caused by the dam body on the flow motion is analyzed and a high accuracy and high efficiency boundary tracking algorithm is proposed.The mechanism of the discharge process of the dammed lake and the erosion development of the dam body is analyzed.The results show that the deformation of the riverbed, The influence of the flow is larger, the main body of the dam body is traced back to the source, the calculated discharge flow rate and dammed lake level are in good agreement with the actual observation values, and these results have been well served The lake downstream to determine the response program.