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钱钟书在研究中国古代经典著作时,独具慧眼,抉幽探奥,以较多的篇幅和典型的例证,指出汉语言具有“相反相成”的思辨性质,并自觉将之运用于学术研究和文学创作中,其长篇小说《围城》中就不乏此类充满思辨智慧的语言。本文即以《围城》中的语言为例,从“同中有异”和“异中有同”两方面来区分构成汉语言“相反相成”这一辩证特点的不同情形,并指出其实质就是钱钟书在文艺批评中所说的“字义同而不害词意异,字义异而复不害词意同”这一反与正成、矛盾统一的语言思辨规律。
In his study of the ancient Chinese classics, Qian Zhongshu was unique and wise to explore Austria. With more space and typical examples, he pointed out that the Chinese language has the speculative nature of “opposite conformation” and consciously applies it to the academic In his research and literary creation, there is no lack of such language full of speculative wisdom in his novel Fortress Besieged. In this paper, we take the language in Fortress Besieged as an example to distinguish the dialectical features that constitute the Chinese language and the “opposite conception” from two aspects: “identical” and “different” And pointed out that the essence is Qian Zhongshu in literary criticism said “the same meaning without words meaning differences, word meaning different but not word meaning ” This anti-Zheng Cheng, contradictory unity of the linguistic speculation.