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目的探讨早产儿出院后配方奶与母乳、足月儿配方奶、混合喂养等不同喂养方式对早产低出生体重儿生后1～3个月阶段的体重、身长、头围等生长指标增长值的影响。方法广州市与佛山市10家医院新生儿科出院的早产低出生体重儿(胎龄不足37周且出生体重小于2 500 g)489例,分为早产儿出院后配方奶喂养组(PDF组,n=323)、母乳喂养组(BM组,n=38)、足月儿配方奶喂养组(TF组,n=76)、早产儿出院后配方奶联合母乳喂养组(PDF/BM组,n=28)和足月儿配方奶联合母乳喂养组(TF/BM组,n=24),观察及比较各组在出生后1、2、3个月时体重、身长、头围增长值的差异。结果 PDF组在1、2、3个月时的体重增长值均大于BM组(P<0.05),1、3个月时的身长增长值大于BM组(P<0.05),2、3个月时的头围增长值大于BM组(P<0.05)。PDF组在1、2、3个月时的体重、身长、头围增长值均大于TF组(P<0.05)。结论出院后应用配方奶喂养能使早产低出生体重儿在生后1～3个月阶段的体重、身长、头围快速增长,从而帮助早产低出生体重儿实现追赶性生长,避免或减少宫外发育迟缓的发生。
Objective To investigate the effects of different feeding methods such as formula and breast milk, full-term infant formula and mixed feeding on the growth of body weight, body length and head circumference of preterm low birth weight children in 1-3 months after birth influences. Methods A total of 489 preterm low birth weight children (37 weeks gestational age and birth weight less than 2 500 g) were discharged from Department of Neonatology in 10 hospitals of Guangzhou City and Foshan City. They were divided into formula feeding group (PDF group, n = 323), breastfeeding group (BM group, n = 38), full-term milk formula feeding group (TF group, n = 76), preterm discharge formula combined breastfeeding group (PDF / BM group, n = 28) and full-term milk formula breastfeeding group (TF / BM group, n = 24). The differences in body weight, body length and head circumference were observed and compared between groups at 1, 2, and 3 months after birth. Results The weight gain of PDF group was higher than that of BM group at 1, 2, and 3 months (P <0.05). The growth of body weight at 1 month and 3 months was greater than that of BM group (P <0.05) The head circumference increased more than BM group (P <0.05). At 1, 2, and 3 months, the body weight, length and head circumference of PDF group were higher than that of TF group (P <0.05). Conclusion The use of formula feeding after discharge can increase the weight, length and head circumference of preterm low birth weight infants 1 to 3 months after birth, so as to help the premature low birth weight infants achieve catch-up growth and avoid or reduce the extrauterine Stages of development.