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制度是集体行为控制个体行为的约定习俗、共有原则、行为规范、考量标准、办事程序等。制度不是经济增长的外生变量,而是经济增长的内在函数。以制度为自变量、价值为因变量,研究制度对价值量的影响及其规律,我们可以发现制度至少可以带来或产生行为规范价值、主体激励价值、组织协调价值等制度价值收益或制度红利。为此,必须付出制度设计成本、制度实施成本、制度维持成本等。制度的价值收益归根到底是制度规范劳动、激励劳动、组织劳动从而提高劳动生产率带来的,是制度劳动的产物。要提高制度的价值收益,不仅要增加制度劳动,而且要提高制度劳动的效率,节约制度成本,实现制度价值收益和制度价值成本的均衡。
System is a collective act to control the behavior of individuals conventions, common principles, codes of conduct, considerations standards, procedures and so on. System is not an exogenous variable of economic growth, but an intrinsic function of economic growth. Taking system as independent variable, value as dependent variable and research system’s impact on value quantity and its law, we can find that the system can at least bring or generate institutional value gains or institutional dividends such as behavior standard value, main incentive value and organizational coordination value. To this end, we must pay the cost of system design, system implementation costs, system maintenance costs. In the final analysis, the value-gain of the system is the result of institutional labor brought by the system of standardizing labor, encouraging labor, and organizing labor so as to increase labor productivity. To raise the value of the system, not only to increase institutional labor, but also to improve the efficiency of institutional labor, system cost savings, to achieve the system of value and system of value and cost of the balance.