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山药为薯蓣科多年生草本植物。它的根晒干后供药用,为滋补强壮药。能朴虚、鎮心痛、补五痨七伤、补心气不足、治病后衰弱、男子遺精、神經衰弱、盜汗、泄泻、糖尿病等。除药用外,还供食用。其栽培方法如下: 1.选种: 根据在主产区济宁、曲阜一带調查,山药共用三个品种:郎“牛腿飯”、“明豆子”、“米山药”。“牛腿飯”和“明豆子”两种每亩地一般产2500斤左右,含水分較多,需八斤鮮的晒一斤干的。“米山药”每亩产2000斤左右,含水分較少,只五斤鮮的可加工一斤干的。所以药用多选择“米山药”进行培植。若以吃菜为目的可选择前两种培植之。 2.准备咀子: 培植山药如用山药豆直接播种,山药根长的细而短。因此,培植山药多是在培植的头一年留好山药咀子,以供培植山药。山药咀子就是在采收山药根的时候,从大山药根上端折下来的一段,每段长約五、六寸。山药咀子折下后,要很好的貯藏起来,方法是:在院手里晾晒一天后,拿到屋里顶端朝墙一順头的排起来,每隔月余要拿到院子里晾一天,冬季可放到地瓜窖里存放,待来年取出培植。
Yam is a perennial herb of Dioscoreaceae. Its roots are dried and used for medicinal purposes to nourish strong medicine. Can PuXu, heart pain, make up for five injuries and seven injuries, lack of qi and qi, debilitating after treatment, men’s nocturnal emission, neurasthenia, night sweats, diarrhea, diabetes and so on. In addition to medicinal use, but also for consumption. The cultivation methods are as follows: 1. Seed selection: According to surveys in the Jining and Qufu areas in the main producing areas, there are three varieties of yams: Lang, “Banjifan”, “Mingdouzi” and “rice yam”. “Cow leg rice” and “Ming beans” generally produce about 2,500 pounds per acre, more moisture, requiring eight pounds of fresh sun a pound of dry. “Yam yam” produces about 2,000 pounds per mu, with less water content, and only five pounds of fresh pounds can be processed. Therefore, more choice of medicinal “rice yam” for cultivation. If you want to eat for the purpose of selecting the first two breeds. 2. Preparation of Tsui: Cultivation of yam, such as direct seeding with yam bean, yam root length is thin and short. Therefore, cultivating yam mostly leaves yams in the first year of cultivation to cultivate yam. Yam Tsui is a section of the yam root that is folded down at the time of harvesting yam root. Each section is about five or six inches long. After the Yam Tsui is folded down, it must be stored well. The method is: After drying one day in the hands of the courtyard, get the top of the house and head toward the wall for a row, and get it in the yard every month for a day. In winter, it can be stored in the sweet potato cellar and will be taken out in the coming year.