在高中地理教学中,有许多老师和学生将沙漠和荒漠混为一谈,不加区分。其实,二者既有相同、相似之处,也有区别,不能随便混淆或替代。在中学百科全书里,荒漠是指地球表面具有特定的地理区域和自然环境的陆地生态系统中的一种。它与草原、森林一样,都是具有地带性涵义的生物气候带类型。其形成时因地带性因素,特别是水热条件及其组合状况,使地球上出现不同的自然生态环境。所以,荒漠是因地带性分异造成的综合体,而沙漠则是在地带性分异的基础上,由非地带性分异产生的综合体;荒漠具有特定的地带性土壤和植被类型,沙漠则是以风沙土和沙生植物占据优势。从概念上看,凡是气候干燥、降水稀少、蒸发量大、植被贫乏的地区,或是那种几乎完全没有植被和良好土壤发育的土地都可以称作荒漠。荒漠区气候变化剧烈,风力作用强烈。沙漠按地貌形态和地表组成物质可分为岩漠、砾漠、沙漠、泥漠、盐漠等几种类型。可见,沙漠只是荒漠的一种类型。一、岩漠岩漠也叫石质荒漠、山地荒漠,是指岩石裸露或布满基岩风化块石的荒漠,以及人为破坏植被、水土流失、岩石裸露的山区。主要在干燥地区的山地或山麓地带。物理风化和风蚀作用十分强烈,暴 In high school geography teaching, there are many teachers and students who confuse the desert with the desert without distinction. In fact, the two have the same, similarities, there are differences, can not be confused or replaced. In the high school encyclopedia, deserts refer to one of the terrestrial ecosystems that have specific geographical and natural environments on the Earth’s surface. Like grasslands and forests, it is a type of bioclimatic zone with zonal meanings. Its formation due to the zonal factors, especially hydrothermal conditions and their combination of conditions, so that the Earth’s emergence of different natural environment. Therefore, the desert is a complex caused by zonal disagreement, while the desert is a complex formed by non-zonality differentiation on the basis of zonality; the desert has specific zonal soil and vegetation types, and the desert It is dominated by sand and sand sandy plants. Conceptually, any area with dry climate, scarce precipitation, large evaporation, poor vegetation, or almost complete lack of vegetation and good soil development can be called a desert. Desert climate changes violently, the wind is strong. According to the topography of the desert and surface composition of matter can be divided into rock desert, gravel desert, desert, mud desert, salt desert and several other types. Can be seen, the desert is only a type of desert. First, the rock desert Rock desert is also called stone, mountain desert, refers to rock bare or covered bedrock weathered rock, as well as artificial destruction of vegetation, soil erosion, rock bare mountain. Mainly in the dry areas of the mountain or foothills. Physical weathering and wind erosion is very strong, violence