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在地震资料处理过程中，由于静校正、表层速度、时差、倾角、曲射线等因素的影响，在计算层速度时会产生误差，其中的系统误差可用ＶＳＰ等测井资料进行标定校正，而对其中的随机误差则采用地质统计学进行处理。地质统计学是研究空间变量分布的有效方法，主要包括区域化变量、变差函数、克里金估值。采用此方法可进行地震层速度的误差校正，有效地提取出层速度的内在空间变化规律，抑制各种随机误差的干扰，使层速度值的信噪比显著提高。
In the process of seismic data processing, due to the influence of factors such as static correction, surface velocity, time difference, dip angle and curved ray, errors in calculating the layer velocity will occur. The systematic errors may be calibrated by logging data such as VSP, The random errors are processed by geostatistics. Geostatistics is an effective method to study the distribution of spatial variables, including regional variables, variogram and Kriging. Using this method, the error of seismic velocity can be corrected, the internal spatial variation of layer velocity can be effectively extracted, the interference of various random errors can be suppressed, and the signal-to-noise ratio of layer velocity can be significantly improved.