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目的 探讨大鼠老化过程中骨骼肌乙酰胆碱受体的含量及功能变化。方法 RT PCR 半定量法检测青年组、中年组、老年早期组和老年晚期组骨骼肌乙酰胆碱受体ε亚单位的表达。比较组间乙酰胆碱(Ach)引起的电流和维库溴铵作用强度的变化。结果 老年早期组和老年晚期组n AChRε亚单位平均辉度比值进行性下降(与青年组比较),其组间比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。老年早期和老年晚期组Ach激动AChR的EC50 值明显高于青年组、中年组(P<0.05)。维库溴铵对青年组、中年组和老年早期组的n AChR作用强度无显著差异,但对老年晚期组的n AChR作用强度明显增强(P<0.05)。结论 骨骼肌乙酰胆碱受体数量随年龄的增加而进行性地减少,但其对肌松药的作用强度影响较小。老化的骨骼肌乙酰胆碱受体对Ach失敏感,使维库溴铵的作用明显增强。所以在老年人麻醉中,肌松药的使用应谨慎。
Objective To investigate the content and function of acetylcholine receptor in skeletal muscle during aging in rats. Methods RT PCR semi-quantitative method was used to detect the expression of acetylcholine receptor ε subunit of skeletal muscle in young group, middle-aged group, early-aged group and old-aged group. The changes in the currents induced by acetylcholine (Ach) and the action intensities of vecuronium were compared between groups. Results The average ratio of n AChRε subunits in the early aged group and the late aged group decreased progressively (compared with the young group), and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P <0.05). The EC50 of Ach-activated AChR in early-aged and advanced-aged patients was significantly higher than that in young and middle-aged patients (P <0.05). The effect of vecuronium on nAChR in young group, middle-aged group and early-aged group was not significantly different (P> 0.05). Conclusions The number of acetylcholine receptors in skeletal muscle decreases progressively with age, but it has less effect on the strength of muscle relaxants. The aged skeletal muscle acetylcholine receptor is desensitized to Ach and the effect of vecuronium is significantly enhanced. Therefore, in the elderly anesthesia, the use of muscle relaxants should be cautious.