某种意义上说,乔伊斯是和卡夫卡一样的先知型现代小说家,他们共同预言了现代的“变形”本质。只是,卡夫卡的“变形”是相对于人的变形(甲虫);而乔伊斯的“变形”则是相对于古代英雄的变形。这种在古代英雄映照下的现代悲鸣在歌德的《少年维特之烦恼》中便已经若隐若现:来到瓦尔海姆乡间的维特随身携带的正是袖珍本的《荷马史诗》,渴望着呼吸英雄空气的维特却不得不生活于 In a sense, Joyce is the same prophetic modern novelist as Kafka, who jointly predicted the modern “transfiguration” essence. Only, Kafka’s “Transfiguration” is relative to human deformation (beetles); while Joyce’s “Transfiguration” is relative to the deformation of ancient heroes. This modern sadness reflected in the ancient heroes has been looming in Goethe’s “Worry of Young Witches”: Wittmann came to the village of Wallheim with a pocket-sized “Homer epic” and longs for a breathing hero Vitality of the air had to live in