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本文试图通过对澳大利亚历史学科发展的回顾,探讨近年来“世界历史”在澳大利亚的出现及其发展。在澳大利亚,学者们对世界历史的关注,始于澳大利亚从英国殖民地发展成为一个独立的民族国家的过程中,系由于国际局势的变化和澳大利亚特殊的智识传统。对大英帝国历史的关注是世界历史的一种早期形式。然而,在这一以欧洲为中心的世界观中,澳大利亚处于帝国的边缘。只有到了20世纪中叶,在曼宁·克拉克等学者的著作中,当历史学家们为澳大利亚民族国家认同的建立作出贡献之时,关注点才从欧洲中心转移到澳大利亚民族国家的历史。这种对欧洲中心论的放弃,正发生在澳大利亚将眼光日益转向亚洲和世界其他地区之时,这有利于促进一种迈向新的世界历史的趋势。对澳大利亚土著史的关注,也为历史学家们提供了更长时段的视野,将历史回推延长了数千年。最后,本文考察了澳大利亚历史学家如何从事世界历史研究的几个例子。
This article tries to explore the emergence and development of “World History ” in Australia in recent years by reviewing the development of Australian history. In Australia, scholars’ attention to the history of the world began when Australia developed from an English colony to an independent nation state because of changes in the international situation and Australia’s special intellectual tradition. Attention to the history of the British Empire is an early form of world history. However, Australia is on the brink of imperialism in this European-centric worldview. Only by the middle of the twentieth century, in the writings of scholars such as Manning Clarke, historians shifted their focus from the European center to the history of Australian nation states when they contributed to the establishment of Australian nation-state identity. This abandonment of Eurocentrism is taking place as Australia increasingly looks to Asia and the rest of the world, which is conducive to promoting a trend toward a new world history. Attention to Aboriginal history in Australia also provided historians with a longer horizon and pushed history back for thousands of years. Finally, this article examines a few examples of how Australian historians engaged in world history.